Ukukhanya Okukhanyayo kuSolar: Indlela Amaphaneli eSolar Ashayela Ngayo Ukuthuthukiswa Nokusimama:

Njengoba umhlaba uqhubeka nokufuna izixazululo zamandla esimeme, amandla elanga avele njengento ehamba phambili ekufuneni ikusasa elihlanzekile nelisebenza kahle. Kulesi sihloko, sizocacisa ukuthi kanjani amaphaneli elanga zishayela kokubili intuthuko kanye nokusimama.

Amandla elanga asebenzisa amandla elanga ukuze akhiqize ugesi, anikeze umthombo wamandla ovuselelekayo nonokwethenjelwa. Akunciphisi nje kuphela ukuthembela kwethu emafutheni ezinto ezimbiwa phansi kodwa futhi kusiza ukulwa nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu ngokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni. Ukukhuphuka kwamandla elanga sekuvule indlela yobuchwepheshe obusha futhi kwadala namathuba emisebenzi amasha emkhakheni wamandla avuselelekayo.

Kusukela ophahleni lwezindlu kuya emapulazini amakhulu elanga, amaphaneli elanga ziya ngokuya ziba yizinto ezibonwayo emhlabeni wonke. Ukusebenziseka kwazo ngezindlela eziningi kanye nokunwetshwa kwazo kuzenza zifanelekele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene, noma ngabe ukunika amandla amakhaya ngamanye, ukuhlinzeka ngogesi kuyo yonke imiphakathi, noma ukufaka amafutha ezimotweni zikagesi.

Lesi sihloko sihlola izinzuzo eziningi zamandla elanga, okuhlanganisa izinzuzo zawo zemvelo, amandla omnotho, kanye neqhaza ekukhuthazeni intuthuko esimeme. Ngokukhanyisela i-solar, sithemba ukugqugquzela ukuqonda nokwazisa okwengeziwe ngalo mthombo wamandla ohlanzekile noyinsada.

Izinzuzo zemvelo zamandla elanga:

Amapaneli weSolar zingamathuluzi aguqula ukukhanya kwelanga kube ugesi kusetshenziswa inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi umphumela we-photovoltaic. Amaphaneli akhiwe ngamaseli elanga ngamanye, ngokuvamile enziwe nge-silicon, amunca ama-photon elangeni futhi akhulule ama-electron. Lawa ma-electron abe esethathwa bese eguqulwa abe ugesi osebenzisekayo.

Ukusebenza kahle kwamaphaneli elanga kuye kwathuthuka kakhulu eminyakeni edlule, njengoba amaphaneli esimanje akwazi ukuguqula ukukhanya kwelanga kube ugesi kunangaphambili. Lokhu kusho ukuthi nasezindaweni ezinokukhanya kwelanga okuncane kakhulu, ama-solar panel asengakwazi ukukhiqiza inani elikhulu lamandla.

Amaphaneli elanga aklanyelwe ukuthi ahlale isikhathi eside futhi adinga ukulungiswa okuncane. Zingahlala amashumi ambalwa eminyaka, zizenze zibe utshalomali olungabizi kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukwengeza, intuthuko kubuchwepheshe bephaneli yelanga ibenze bathandeka ngokwengeziwe, okuvumela ukuhlanganiswa okungenamthungo emiklameni ehlukahlukene yezakhiwo.

Amaphaneli elanga angafakwa ophahleni lwendlu, ezindaweni ezivulekile, noma antante nasezindaweni zamanzi. Ukukhetha indawo yokufaka kuncike ezintweni ezifana nesikhala esitholakalayo, ukukhanya kwelanga, nemithetho yendawo. Kungakhathaliseki indawo yokufaka, ama-solar panels afakazele ukuthi angumthombo onokwethenjelwa futhi ophumelelayo wamandla ahlanzekile.

Amandla elanga kanye nomthelela wawo ekuthuthukisweni okusimeme:

Amandla elanga anikeza izinzuzo eziningi zemvelo ezenza kube ukukhetha okuphoqelekile kokuphehla ugesi esimeme. Enye yezinzuzo ezibaluleke kakhulu indima yayo ekwehliseni ukukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa. Ngokungafani nezinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi, amandla elanga awakhiphi izinto ezingcolisa umoya eziyingozi noma isikhutha lapho kukhiqizwa ugesi. Lokhu kusiza ukulwa nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu futhi kuthuthukise izinga lomoya.

Ngaphezu kokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni, amandla elanga nawo alondoloza imithombo yamanzi. Izikhungo zokuphehla amandla endabuko, ikakhulukazi lezo ezibaswa ngamalahle noma igesi yemvelo, zidinga amanzi amaningi ngezinjongo zokupholisa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-solar panel awadingi amanzi ukuze asebenze, okuwenza abe enye indlela eyonga amanzi.

Enye inzuzo yemvelo yamandla elanga ukulondolozwa kwezindawo zemvelo. Ukukhipha kanye nokushiswa kwezinto ezimbiwa phansi kuvame ukuholela ekucekeleni phansi kwezindawo zokuhlala kanye nokuphazamiseka kwezimiso zemvelo. Ngokushintshela emandleni elanga, singanciphisa umthelela wethu endaweni ezungezile futhi sivikele izindawo zezilwane zasendle eziyigugu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amandla elanga angumthombo ovuselelekayo futhi omningi. Ilanga linikeza amandla angenamkhawulo, liqinisekisa ukuthi amandla elanga ahlala eqinile futhi efinyeleleka ezizukulwaneni ezizayo. Ngokusebenzisa lo mthombo wamandla ahlanzekile futhi avuselelekayo, singanciphisa ukuthembela kwethu emafutheni ezinto ezimbiwa phansi futhi sakhe ikusasa elizinzile.

Izibonelo zezifundo ezibonisa amaphrojekthi aphumelele amandla elanga:

Amandla elanga adlala indima ebalulekile ekukhuthazeni intuthuko esimeme endaweni kanye nasemhlabeni jikelele. Ngokunikeza ukufinyelela kugesi ohlanzekile futhi othengekayo, amandla elanga angathuthukisa izinga lempilo emiphakathini emhlabeni jikelele.

Ezifundeni eziningi ezisathuthuka, ukufinyelela kukagesi kulinganiselwe noma akuthembeki. Amaphaneli elanga ahlinzeka ngomthombo wamandla ohlukaniswe futhi ozimele ongaletha ugesi ezindaweni ezikude. Lokhu kwenza imiphakathi ikwazi ukuthola izinsiza ezibalulekile ezifana nokukhanyisa, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, imfundo, kanye nokuxhumana, ukuyinika amandla ukuze iphumelele futhi ikhule.

Amandla elanga nawo anezinzuzo zezomnotho ezifaka isandla ekuthuthukisweni okusimeme. Ukufakwa nokugcinwa kahle kwamaphaneli elanga kudala amathuba emisebenzi emkhakheni wamandla avuselelekayo. Lo mkhakha ubone ukukhula okuphawulekayo eminyakeni yamuva, futhi isidingo sabasebenzi abanamakhono siyaqhubeka sikhuphuka. Ngokutshala imali kugesi welanga, amazwe angashukumisa umnotho wawo futhi akhe izisebenzi eziqinile nezizinzile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amandla elanga anganciphisa izindleko zamandla kubantu ngabanye namabhizinisi. Njengoba izindleko zamaphaneli elanga ziqhubeka nokwehla, abantu abaningi baphendukela kugesi welanga njengendlela engabizi kakhulu kunemithombo kagesi evamile. Lokhu akwehlisi nje umthwalo wezimali ezindlini kuphela kodwa futhi kuthuthukisa ukuncintisana kwamabhizinisi, ikakhulukazi lawo asezindaweni ezidinga amandla kagesi.

Sekukonke, amandla elanga ahlinzeka indlela eya entuthukweni esimeme ngokubhekana nobubha bamandla, ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwezisisi ezingcolisa umoya, ukudala amathuba emisebenzi, kanye nokuqhubeza ukukhula komnotho.

Imihlomulo kaHulumeni kanye nezinqubomgomo ezikhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwamandla elanga

Amaphrojekthi amaningi aphumelele amandla elanga abonise umthelela omuhle wamandla elanga ekuthuthukisweni nasekusimameni. Lezi zifundo zecala ziqokomisa ukuguquguquka nokusebenza kwamaphaneli elanga kuzilungiselelo ezahlukahlukene.

Esinye salezo zibonelo iphrojekthi yeSolarCity e-United States. I-SolarCity, manje eyingxenye ye-Tesla, ihlose ukwenza amandla elanga afinyeleleke futhi afinyeleleke kubanikazi bezindlu. Ngokusebenzisa amamodeli ezezimali asunguliwe, i-SolarCity inikeza ukufakwa kwamaphaneli elanga ngaphandle kwezindleko zangaphambili, okuvumela abanikazi bezindlu ukuthi bakhokhele uhlelo ngezinkokhelo zanyanga zonke. Le ndlela yenze amandla elanga afinyeleleka kalula kubabukeli abaningi, okuqhuba ukwamukelwa kwamandla avuselelekayo endaweni yokuhlala.

E-India, i-Kamuthi Solar Power Project ime njengobufakazi bokukhula kwamandla elanga. Itholakala eTamil Nadu, leli pulazi lelanga lihlanganisa indawo engamahektha ayi-2,500 futhi linomthamo wamamegawathi angama-648. Ingenye yezitshalo ezinkulu zamandla elanga emhlabeni futhi ihlinzeka ngogesi ezindlini ezingaphezu kuka-150,000. Le phrojekthi ikhombisa amandla amapulazi amakhulu elanga ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo zamandla emiphakathi yonke kanye nokunciphisa ukuthembela emithonjeni yamandla evamile.

Esinye isifundo esiphawulekayo iphrojekthi ye-Solar Impulse, eyayihloswe ukukhombisa amakhono endiza esebenzisa ilanga. I-Solar Impulse 2, indiza enamandla elanga, yaqeda umlando wokundiza emhlabeni wonke ngo-2016, ithembele kuphela emandleni elanga. Le phrojekthi ibonise ukwethembeka namandla anamandla elanga kwezokuthutha, ivula indlela yezindiza ezihlanzekile nezizinzile esikhathini esizayo.

Lezi zibonelo zezifundo ziqokomisa ukusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene kwamandla elanga kanye nekhono lawo lokushayela intuthuko esimeme emikhakheni ehlukene. Ngokufunda kulawa maphrojekthi aphumelelayo, singaqhubeka nokuvula amandla aphelele wamandla elanga.

Ukunqoba izinselele ekusebenziseni amaphrojekthi kagesi welanga:

Imihlomulo nezinqubomgomo zikahulumeni zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuqhubeni ukwamukelwa kwamandla elanga. Amazwe amaningi emhlabeni wonke asebenzise izinyathelo zokukhuthaza ukufakwa kwamapaneli elanga nokukhuthaza ukukhula komkhakha wamandla avuselelekayo.

Esinye isisusa esivamile ukuhlinzekwa kwezibonelelo zezimali, njengamakhredithi entela noma izaphulelo, kubantu ngabanye namabhizinisi atshala imali esebenza ngelanga. Lezi zikhuthazo zisiza ukunciphisa izindleko zokuqala zokufakwa futhi zenze amaphaneli elanga athengeke kakhudlwana futhi akhange kulabo abangase bawasebenzise. Kwezinye izimo, ohulumeni baphinde banikeze amanani okuphakelayo, avumela abanikazi bephaneli yelanga ukuthi bathengise ugesi oweqile bawubuyisele kugridi ngenani elivumayo.

Ukwengeza, ohulumeni bangasebenzisa imithetho nezindinganiso ezidinga iphesenti elithile lamandla ukuthi liqhamuke emithonjeni evuselelekayo, okuhlanganisa namandla elanga. Lezi zinqubomgomo zakha isidingo semakethe samandla elanga futhi zikhuthaza ukutshalwa kwezimali kumaphrojekthi avuselelekayo. Ngokubeka izinjongo zamandla avuselelekayo anentshisekelo, ohulumeni bangaqhuba inguquko ekuphehleni ugesi ohlanzekile futhi osimeme.

Ukwesekwa kukahulumeni kubaluleke kakhulu emazweni asathuthuka, lapho izindleko zangaphambili zokufakwa kwamaphaneli elanga zingase zibenqabele kubantu ngabanye nakumabhizinisi. Ngokubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe kanye noxhaso lwezimali, ohulumeni banganikeza usizo lwezezimali kanye nolwazi lobuchwepheshe ukuze basize lawa mazwe asebenzise amandla elanga futhi afinyelele izinjongo zawo zentuthuko esimeme.

Ikusasa lamandla elanga namandla awo okukhula:

Nakuba amandla elanga enikeza izinzuzo eziningi, kunezinselele okudingeka zibhekwe ukuze kufezeke ngokugcwele amandla awo. Enye inselele enjalo ukuphumula kwamandla elanga. Amaphaneli elanga akhiqiza ugesi kuphela lapho echayeke elangeni, okusho ukuthi izinhlelo zokugcina amandla ziyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunikezwa kwamandla okungaguquki ngezikhathi zokukhanya kwelanga eliphansi noma ebusuku.

Intuthuko kubuchwepheshe bokugcina ibhethri, njengamabhethri e-lithium-ion, yenze inqubekelaphambili ebalulekile ekubhekaneni nale nselele. Lawa mabhethri angagcina amandla engeziwe akhiqizwa phakathi nosuku futhi awakhulule ngezikhathi zokukhanya kwelanga okuphansi noma okungekho. Ngocwaningo olwengeziwe nokuthuthukiswa, izinhlelo zokugcina amandla zingasebenza kahle futhi zithengeke, okuvumela ukwamukelwa okusabalele kwamandla elanga.

Enye inselele ukuhlanganiswa kwamandla kagesi elanga kumagridi kagesi akhona. Amandla elanga ngokuvamile akhiqizwa endaweni yokusetshenziswa, njengamakhaya ngamanye noma amabhizinisi. Lolu hlobo lokuhlukaniswa kwamandla elanga lungadala izinselele ekuphathweni kwegridi nokuzinza. Kodwa-ke, ubuchwepheshe begridi ehlakaniphile kanye nezinhlelo zokuphatha igridi ezithuthukisiwe zingasiza ekunqobeni lezi zinselele ngokulinganisa ngempumelelo ukuphakelwa kanye nesidingo kanye nokuhlanganisa imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo kugridi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindleko zangaphambili zokufakwa kwamaphaneli elanga zingaba isithiyo kubantu abaningi namabhizinisi. Nakuba ukugcinwa kwezindleko zesikhathi eside zamandla elanga kubalulekile, ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala kungase kube okuvinjelwe. Ohulumeni nezikhungo zezezimali zingabamba iqhaza elibalulekile ekubhekaneni nale nselelo ngokuhlinzeka ngezibonelelo zezimali, ukubolekwa imali enenzalo ephansi, kanye nezindlela ezintsha zezimali ezenza amandla elanga afinyeleleke kalula futhi akhokheleke kalula.

Amathiphu okufakwa kwephaneli yelanga yokuhlala neyokuhweba:

Ikusasa lamandla elanga libukeka lithembisa, linamandla amakhulu okukhula kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha. Njengoba intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe iqhubeka, amaphaneli elanga aya esebenza kahle kakhulu, engabizi kakhulu, futhi ejabulisa ngobuhle. Lokhu kubenza babe inketho ekhangayo ngokuya ngezicelo zokuhlala nezokuhweba.

Enye indawo yokuqanjwa kabusha ukuthuthukiswa kwamaphaneli elanga akhula ukusebenza kahle nokuqina. Abacwaningi bahlola izinto ezintsha nemiklamo engathuthukisa ukusebenza kwamaseli elanga futhi ithuthukise ikhono lawo lokuthwebula ukukhanya kwelanga. Ukwengeza, intuthuko ku-nanotechnology kanye namaphaneli elanga amancane amafilimu abamba amandla okwenza amandla elanga afinyeleleke kalula ngokunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza nokufaka.

Ukuhlanganiswa kwamandla elanga neminye imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo kungenye indawo ethakazelisayo. Amasistimu we-Hybrid ahlanganisa amaphaneli elanga nama-wind turbines noma amasistimu okugcina amandla anganikeza ukunikezwa kwamandla okuthembekile nokungaguquguquki. Le ndlela edidiyelwe ikhulisa izinzuzo zemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo ehlukene futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwamandla okuphelele.

Ikusasa lamandla elanga libuye lilele ekuthuthukisweni kwamadolobha ahlakaniphile nengqalasizinda esimeme. Amaphaneli elanga angahlanganiswa ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo, imigwaqo, nezindawo zomphakathi, aziguqule zibe yizimpahla ezikhiqiza amandla. Lo mqondo, owaziwa ngokuthi ama-photovoltaics ahlanganisiwe wokwakha, uvumela ukuhlanganiswa okungenamthungo kwamandla elanga ezindaweni zasemadolobheni futhi kunciphisa isidingo sokufakwa okuhlukile kwelanga.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amandla elanga anamandla okuguqula ezokuthutha. Izimoto zikagesi ezisebenza ngeSolar (EVs) zingasiza ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni futhi zikhuthaze ukuhamba okuzinzile. Intuthuko kubuchwepheshe bebhethri ye-EV, ehlanganiswe neziteshi zokushaja zelanga, ingenza ezokuthutha ezisebenza ngelanga zibe inketho esebenzayo nevumelana nemvelo.

Isiphetho: Ukwamukela amandla elanga ngekusasa elisimeme:

Ifaka amaphaneli elanga ezingeni lokuhlala noma lezohwebo kudinga ukuhlela ngokucophelela nokucatshangelwa. Nawa amanye amathiphu okuqinisekisa ukufakwa ngempumelelo:

1. Yenza ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwelanga: Ngaphambi kokufaka amaphaneli elanga, hlola ukufaneleka kwendawo yakho ngokuya ngokukhanya kwelanga okutholakalayo, ukufiphaza, nokuma kophahla. Isifaki solar esiphrofeshinali singasiza ekunqumeni idizayini efanele namandla esistimu.

2. Khetha abakhiqizi nabafakeli bamaphaneli elanga ahloniphekile: Bheka izinkampani ezizinze kahle ezinomlando wekhwalithi nokwaneliseka kwamakhasimende. Funda izibuyekezo futhi ufune izincomo ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi usebenza nezingcweti ezithembekile.

3. Cabangela izidingo nezinjongo zakho zamandla: Thola amaphethini akho okusebenzisa amandla bese ubeka imigomo engokoqobo yokukhiqiza amandla elanga. Lokhu kuzosiza ekunqumeni ubukhulu nomthamo wesistimu yephaneli yelanga edingekayo.

4. Qonda izikhuthazo zezimali nezinketho zezimali: Cwaninga izikhuthazo zezimali ezitholakalayo, amakhredithi entela, nezinketho zezimali endaweni yangakini. Thatha ithuba lezinhlelo zikahulumeni noma ufune izinketho zezimali ezenza amandla elanga athengeke kakhulu.

5. Gcina futhi uqaphe njalo uhlelo lwakho lwephaneli yelanga: Gcina eyakho amaphaneli elanga ihlanzekile futhi ayinayo imfucumfucu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle. Gada ukukhiqizwa kwamandla esistimu yakho futhi ubhekane nanoma yiziphi izinkinga ngokushesha ukuze ukwandise ukukhiqizwa kwamandla.

6. Zifundise wena nomphakathi wakho: Yabelana ngolwazi lwakho namandla elanga futhi ufundise abanye ngezinzuzo zawo. Ngokuqwashisa nokukhuthaza ukutholwa, ungafaka isandla ekusaseni elisimeme.